CELL MOTILITY

'A variety of cellular motility processes are essential throughout the life cycle of eukaryotes. From the early stages of development on, cell movement is essential for the generation of the entire organism. Primary muscle cells migrate to places where limbs are formed, endothelial cells form the blood vessel walls, neurons migrate to their proper positions and send out axons and dendrites to find their target cells. Also in adult organisms cell motility is crucial often as a response to a pathological situation. Vertebrate immune cells invade into infected tissue to eliminate infectious agents. Fibroblasts, surrounding a wound, migrate towards each other during wound healing. Not surprisingly, many pathologies arise from aberrant motility processes such as inappropriate immune responses and migration leading to chronic inflammatory diseases or tumor malignancy. In addition, intracellular pathogens have found an ingenious method to use the host cell motile machinery to spread from cell to cell. Cells move in response to signals from their environment. These are sensed by transmembrane receptors by which signaling cascades are initiated and ultimately affect cytoskeletal and adhesive structures of the cell. There is an intricate interplay between the different cytoskeletal systems (especially actin and microtubule containing structures) and between these systems and the cell–substratum and cell–cell adhesive machinery'.

From: Lambrechts, A. et al. 2004. The actin cytoskeleton in normal and pathological cell motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 36:1890-909.

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